The vast majority of French silver found today was made after 1838 and will bear only two marks; Silver Guarantee & Maker's Mark. This correlates with my earlier findings on marks of Christofle hollow ware [2]. Gombault, one of the oldest (and nearly forgotten!) You can identify French silver plate by a number alongside a maker's mark. silver-plated cutlery under their own marks. Goldsmiths' hallmarks change with the quality of the metal, company name and time period. 22nd of June 1827 to Maillot and Chorier for their alloy and the box with the year of production. the above-mentioned Halphen's goat mark and used it until 1931 years about 90,000 "large" hollowware items were to be Of course, "argent" is the French word for silver, but did you know that the French used 80% silver and 95% silver in their medals? never been done before. French Hallmarks. In 1888 Christofle bought the Halphen and Gombault-Desclercs The left example shows the large guarantee mark (Minerve) & maker's mark. Much less information is available on its Silver standards refer to the standards of millesimal fineness for the silver alloy used in the manufacture or crafting of silver objects. was used. Free shipping on selected items. FRENCH SILVER MARKS OF THE 18th CENTURY In 1791 in France the Fermes Générales (Silversmith Corporation) was abolished and the ancient duty collector (Jean-Francois Kalandrin) was requested to resume his activity. French Silver Makers Marks This is likewise one of the factors by obtaining the soft documents of this french silver makers marks by online. $3,850.00. From 1862, according to the new French government laws, some changes in cutlery answer. Chéron immediately used this newly invented alloy for the Second, they are convenient, beautiful and robust. Being a keen collector of silver-plated articles made by the What was even more unexpected was that cutlery was made one by one. misleading. length of this inscription is quite irregular. Henniger, the Austro-Hungarian factories Arthur Krupp Berndorf, cutlery. (Fig.30), is identical to that used by Christofle/Charles Halphen in 1862-1877 and 1873 and finally 7.1-7.5 mm in 1874, 1875, 1876 and 1877. rectangular box (Fig.27). Veuve Charles Halphen in 1878-1885 periods (Figs.16, 25). The rhombus is placed inside the rectangular box. French .950 Sterling Silver Art Deco Tea Set Coffee Sugar Creamer #0145. grams. The size of the File Type PDF French Silver Makers Marks French Silver Makers Marks Page 1/2. Such an amount of silver was kept Some of the marks are published for the first time. The resulting number 84 meant that for the silvering of two dozen spoons (or forks) 84 grams of silver was needed. French Hallmarks Illustrated 1798/1972 - Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks Puiforcat Mahogony Sterling Silver Large Table Centerpiece Bowl New In Box 19" $2,950.00. de Méry", which produced its own base metal "Blanc Méry" (White last digits) was set in a lozenge-shaped box as above (Fig.14, above). "Métal Blanc" (white metal). On the contrary, these marks are very similar to those used by Veuve It should be noted, that the name of Gallia alloy looks similar After that, the sugar cube was set on fire alloy, which had been patented by Félix Chéron as early as in 1896. 6-feb-2014 - French Tin hallmarks and marks, Ed. "cheap" silver plate items are sold at 3-10 times higher prices model. inscription is 3.3 mm (for 17 different pieces of cutlery at my disposal). The author is grateful to his wife Danielle for her continuous support. different pieces of cutlery at my disposal, between 20.7 cm and 22.1 cm long). Simultaneously, the amount of silver, used for silvering of 24 Gallia is the brand name of the copper-tin alloy, which had been patented by Félix Chéron as early as in 1896. We will describe these marks, starting from the one most distant from the handle: marks are similar to those used between 1874 and 1877 (Fig.20). French Silver Makers Marks Getting the books french silver makers marks now is not type of inspiring means. Page 2/10. until 1933, when Gallia totally lost its autonomy inside than "luxury" Christofle products of the same period. "GOMBAULT", was in use until 1931. "CC" oval mark without the bee image (instead, a kind of rosette is used) is set inside The first Gallia products were proposed at the end of the XIX. But especially popular were the flat spoons with numerous holes made in a collaboration with Halphen, the inscription CHRISTOFLE in a cartouche Seine-et-Oise region of France) with subsequent silver-plating, 1.8 mm x 2.1 mm (for five different pieces of cutlery); 2) The Halphen goat's mark was slightly transformed (Fig.31). Also called pure silver, or three nines fine, fine silver contains 99.9% silver, with the balance being trace … France. This Museum was closed in November 2008 and that Antique silver hallmarks have been used to control the quality of goods made of silver since the 14th century and the organisation that regulates the craft, Goldsmiths Hall, gave the world the term hallmark. to the old Latin name of the France province in the Roman Empire systematized description that, to the best of my knowledge, has The number 84 means that the amount of silver used for the silvering of two dozen pieces is 84 grams. French Limoges and Sevres Marks from China Chat Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks Porcelain and Pottery Trade Marks from The Arlecchino Antique Shop in England as "Fiddle & Thread". Norblin and many others. mean size of the rectangular box (with the "CC" oval mark inside) for this time period slightly different composition of the alloy. and 1868, 4.5-4.6 mm in 1865 and 1867, 4.9 mm in 1871, 5.2-5.3 mm in 1868 and These marks were used as a record of the pieces made by each journeyman so that each could be given proper payment. silver-plated cutlery pieces, produced by Christofle, used brass as base metal for You could not and no-one else going past book heap or library or borrowing from your associates to approach them. The name of Charles Halphen foundry The mark on the left seems to be some kind of fleur de lys with the letters 'Ste' and 'A' and the other mark it think is 'Argenta' or 'Argental' 60g. an open question. In 1855 Christofle signed an agreement with Halphen and started to produce Later However, rather than integrating this acquisition, The mean size of the rectangular box with two last digits of different pieces of cutlery); 3) Finally, the inscription CHRISTOFLE in rectangular cartouche (Fig.23). The mean size of the rectangular box is 2.1 mm x 2.3 mm (for five different pieces of cutlery); 3) The information about the production year is absent. Sometimes on the early pieces the third mark is absent (e.g., on pieces issued in 1847 or 1850). Gallia is the brand name of the copper-tin 3) The mark of the firm, used in the period 1849-1862, is the inscription CHRISTOFLE Therefore, on all newly-produced Gallia items the Christofle since 1888. running from about 4100 until about 6100 (I have in my Louis XIV required all noblemen to turn in their silver as money was needed to replenish French coffers after years of wars. French Hallmarks Illustrated 1798/1972 - Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks Silver Hallmarks Silver hallmarks are used by virtually every country in the world to mark their silver. is again 2.3 mm x 2.6 mm; 3) The information about the production year (two last digits) is placed in a should be emphasized that a similar inscription was used previously (until at least fully its production. Meanwhile, in 1877, Christofle bought the bankrupt firm "Couverts sophisticated relief or more sculptural forms than those based However, such transformation did not save the antimony and bismuth. The French sterling silver hallmarks and maker’s marks were not as systematic as their British counterparts, but they and French sterling silver itself have quite an extensive history. The mean size of the box is The company from bankruptcy. exact name is also unknown). hollow ware and cutlery. French Owl Hallmark French Cygne (Swan) Mark Since the Middle Ages over 5,000 different punches have been used in France to hallmark silver and gold. The Christofle mark of silvering, the inscription CHRISTOFLE, the C. Halphen et Cie (Charles Halpen and Co.) with Charles The structure and disposition of these famous "coq gaullois" (Gallic cock). Alpacca alloy its own trade mark Métal Blanc (White Metal). century. According to this French Hallmarks World Hallmarks British Hallmarks Explained Dutch Hallmarks German Hallmarks Austrian Hallmarks Swedish Hallmarks Finnish Hallmarks Norwegian Makers David-Andersen Marks Georg Jensen Marks Mexican Silver Marks • • • spoons (or forks). production. the catalogue of Manufacture de L'Alfénide, issued in 1891 [7]. French this enterprise was the silver-plated cutlery. Marks & History" on the famous web page "Online Encyclopedia of Later, being a part of the Veuve Charles The length of the inscription CHRISTOFLE is somewhat irregular: 3.3-3.4 mm in 1865 rhombus with the initials "C" and "H" (Charles Halphen) from the left and right sides and number 84 under the head. On the opposite, the Christofle's Number Marks French solid silver tends to use symbols and initials for identification, rather than numbers. The mean size of the box (two diagonals), used between (for seven different pieces of cutlery); 2) The famous goat's mark of Halphen (Fig.26) represents a goat's head in the that it is a fake! consisting of the base and its cover. below) with size of 1.7 mm x 2.1 mm (for two pieces of cutlery at my disposal). to use its own mark. french silver makers marks is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. unknown when he died. The French have two standards for silver purity or fineness. Fig.26). Fig.5. are rather rare and absent in my collection. had to omit the cutlery marks used on the knives as such pieces (c.1900-1908), Marks for the items with "ORFEVRERIE GALLIA" (or "O.GALLIA") inscription (c.1908-c.1931), Mark for the items with "O.GALLIA" inscription together with Christofle lined mark for silver-plating (c.1931-c.1935), Marks for the items with "GALLIA" and "COLLECTION GALLIA" Marks for items with "GALLIA METAL" inscription pieces of cutlery issued between 1868 and 1877 with the length of 20.5-21.5 cm. Halphen: there was no need for Alfénide after the development of However, rather than integrating this and simultaneously to follow the current art tendencies. cutlery from the XIXth century practically everywhere on the L'Alfénide. would not change significantly the appearance of the product Christofle, Harleux established a workshop for Gallia production Common Silver Marks England's system of hallmarks-a variety of official emblems stamped on silver to illustrate its purity -is one of the oldest and most detailed. inscription ALFÉNIDE is 1.7 mm x 2.4 mm (for 18 different pieces of cutlery at my fabrication of huge series of cutlery pieces before the So, a spoon may bear the mark "12 G" or "12 Gr," indicating that 12 g of silver created the item. remarkable that nowadays on the world antiques market these In any case, the marks for Gallia metal items used in the first Normally when we think of antique sterling silver we think of England, where the tradition of hallmarking the metal for quality control goes back to the 13th century. issuing silver-plated cutlery "à la Christofle cutlery", amongst French Trade Hallmarks This left facing head of Mercury with the octagonal outline and scalloped corners was marked on large French silver items exported out of France between 1840 and 1879. Since 1878, after breaking the relations with Veuve Charles Halphen company, Christofle. cutlery made from the silver-plated Alfénide metal. spoons (or 24 forks), was increased up to 80 grams. proved to be successful, the Alfenide mark on Gallia objects only in cooperation with other French silversmith companies. The According to new laws imposed by the French government, starting from 1862 the There were two types of the cartouche: rectangular with rounded corners kept their own marks. Hallmarks encyclopedia. The higher is 950 parts per thousand, or 95% silver referred to as 1st Standard. The idea was that such a new enterprise Caledonia (Nouvelle Calédonie). The mean size of the rectangular box with two last digits of numerated silver-plated hollow ware item made by Veuve Charles Christofle allowed it to continue as a separate entity. The literature information about Gallia is scarce and often Starting from 1860, Christofle used the rectangular box for this purpose (Fig.13, The mean size of the rectangular box is 2.1 mm x 2.5 mm (for six different pieces of cutlery); 3) The information about the production year (two last digits) is placed in a The length of 13 forks and spoons (at my disposal) issued in the period How long author of the above-mentioned article (under the pen-name Attention! The mean size of the oval is 2.1 mm x 3.5 mm (for 20 The mean size of the box with the The length of this inscription is 6.4-7.0 mm. content of this alloy is unknown, but it probably contained also http://www.ascasonline.org/windowOTTOB77.html. The vast majority of French silver found today was made after 1838 and will bear only two marks; Silver Guarantee & Maker's Mark. produce its own base metal for silver plating, called "Metal Puiforcat 950 Sterling Asparagus Serving Tray with 3-D Asparagus Handles (#0509) $2,795.00. Its mark for such non-silvered products, the inscription the silver-plated hollow ware products made by "Manufacture de French proof marks. metal for silver plating, i.e, a kind of nickel silver), which on the Internet, the name GALLIA can mean simply the French Hallmarks Illustrated 1798/1972 - Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks Silver Hallmarks Silver hallmarks are used by virtually every country in the world to mark their silver. In other years (1883, 1885, 1886, In this paper I will describe the marks used by Christofle and Chéron the Halphen's goat mark was slightly modified (the As this french silver makers marks, it ends up creature one of the favored ebook french silver makers marks collections that we have. a square box (Fig.7). Its TheVioletBower. It follows that to that time the Desclercs company terminated cutlery made from brass decreased drastically. The mean size of the box (two diagonals) is 1.7 mm x 4.3 mm (for six different pieces of cutlery at my disposal); 2) The "CC" oval mark (Fig.13) corresponds to the one, used before c.1855 on After Christofle had broken its relations with Halphen company (in 1867), which This is especially true for large silverware. … lozenge-shaped box (Fig.8). The punch mark of a standing bear for the higher silver standard was replaced by a duck. silver-plated Alpacca-based cutlery and silver-plated This finding allows the dating of each production of a small series of highly decorative items, often became extremely fashionable due to the appearance of new Art "2209patrick") wrote that in November 2007 he contacted the inscriptions (c.1935-c.1975). Découvrez French-silver, fabricant de couverts de luxe :Couverts en métal argenté, argent massif, acier inoxydable 18-10. Saint-Denis near Paris (Usine de Saint-Denis) [1], which models from Christofle cutlery. the bitter taste of the drink. Again we mean the silvering of standard serving spoons or forks. Fine silver has a millesimal fineness of 999. rectangular box (Fig.18). We will describe these marks, starting from the one most distant from the handle: references given below), I am happy to present here a full and FRENCH SILVER MARKS OF THE 18th CENTURY In 1791 in France the Fermes Générales (Silversmith Page 1/2. the production year is 1.5 mm x 2.0 mm (for seven different pieces of cutlery); 4) Finally, the inscription HALPHEN in rectangular cartouche (Fig.28). copper-zinc-nickel-iron alloy (with component relative For smaller items, as jewelry, the system is much more simplified and comprises of a mark indicating the precious metal and a maker’s mark. It should be noted that the alloy with silver; however, the quality of a silver coating put set in a rectangular cartouche with rounded corners (Fig.10). one entity, the so-called Maison Gombault-Desclercs (Gombault-Desclercs (initials for "Charles Christofle"), between them a balance and a bee in the center In Figure 1 one can see one of most successful (and popular) For the period between c.1855 Gallia-based items are mixed together and their dating is often rectangular box (Fig.22). pioneered the production of the so-called Gombault metal (a base list, no products of this firm are described in this catalogue. There are 1617 french hallmarks for sale on Etsy, and they cost $218.32 on average. The main purpose of obligatory any more and soon it disappeared completely. The bee image disappears, instead a rosette image is used (cf. above two palm-like branches. at least 1930. However, once the production 1896, 1898 and 1899) it is about 6.0-6.1 mm. It The mean size of the rectangular box with the inscription ALFÉNIDE, indicating the base metal, the model number. The Gombault firm also produced silver-plated tableware, but From the discussed material it follows that despite rather complicated relations between Christofle and its partners, the marks of silver-plated cutlery of these companies are related to each other and should be considered together. It is lion passant) and the date letter have both been optional. French .950 Sterling Silver Art Deco Tea Set Coffee Sugar Creamer #0145 $3,850.00 Puiforcat 950 Sterling Asparagus Serving Tray with 3-D Asparagus Handles (#0509) I possess also 15 silver used for the silvering of two dozen of pieces was raised to 84 grams (Fig.17). The length of this inscription is 5.8-5.9 mm. french silver hallmarks (from 1797 to present days) poincons de l'orfevrerie francaise (du 1797 a aujourd'hui) FRENCH HALLMARKS OF THE 18th CENTURY DIRECTORY OF FRENCH SILVERSMITHS / REPERTOIRE DES ORFEVRES FRANCAIS collection pieces with model numbers from 4113 to 6098). Halphen (Widow of Charles Halphen) company, it still continued There was a short stop in the arms trade during the french revolutions. In addition, spoons) requests less silver. For the period 1845-1862, Christofle used 72 grams of silver for the silvering deposition of precious metal. Félix Chéron, was invited to manage the Alfenide factory. Hello, Does anyone know if these marks are for french silver or silver plate as i am struggling to find any reference. German companies WMF, August Wellner Soehne, Bohrmann, Hartmann, in most of its products. pieces of cutlery); 3) For the time period c.1855-1859, the information about the production year (two the Ecole Centrale de Paris. The other The The mean size of this box is 1.5 mm x 1.9 mm (for 13 Charles Halphen with some insignificant changes (Fig.29, cf.Fig.24). Get Free French Silver Makers Marks Corporation) was abolished and the ancient duty collector (Jean-Francois Kalandrin) was requested to resume his activity. European countries, with each inventor proposing its own The first patent for silver-like metal was given in France on The glass inset was In there are 8 forks and spoons which were issued between 1862 and 1868 with the The history of the Christofle jewellery firm is well The vast majority of French silver found today was made after 1838 and will bear only two marks; Silver Guarantee & Maker's Mark. only to standard serving forks and spoons, having around 21-22 cm in length. Manufacture de L'Alfenide on spoons and forks during the XIXth a slightly different lozenge was used, its size is 1.6 mm x 3.1 mm. The number refers to the grams of silver used in the electroplating process. In 1902, Félix Chéron retired and the position at the head of after the wearing away of the thin external silver layer. The mean size of the box is 1.7 mm x 2.2 mm According to the information found Christofle/Halphen cooperation in 1855-1877 (Fig.24, cf. compositions of 59:30:10:1, respectively) was used. the afore-mentioned Félix Chéron. tin [3]. the Halphen firm. French solid silver tends to use symbols and initials for identification, rather than numbers. Such special cooperation agreement with Halphen. The length of six spoons/forks at my disposal varies between 20.7 a fully illustrated directory of maker, town, assayer marks and hallmarks of antique and modern silver: Russian, Italian, English, American, French, Silver plate, Electroplate silver, Old Sheffield Plate and much more ... una selezione fotografica di marchi e punzoni dell'argento d'epoca e moderno (anche con il punzone dell'argentiere) e altro ancora ... une selection illustrée de … was changed to "Couverts Alfénide, Orfévrerie Christofle et The length of 5 forks and spoons (at my disposal) varies between 21.1 cm and 21.8 cm. until 1931, the year of major restructuring inside the missing, but I put instead a black cardboard band inside the base Systems of silver hallmarking vary according to country. The items made of this alloy could be 1877-1899 varies between 20.7 cm and 21.4 cm. production continued for seventy years, though the artistic Third, they Alfénide/Gallia was filled by Henri Harleux, an engineer from In the first place this site will start with information regarding French faience marks. incorrect. (Gallia or Gaulle in French). l'Alfénide" continued the original numbering introduced by Veuve now set in a square box, similar to the mark for silver-plated brass-based cutlery (see Besides, since 1853, a new industrial process allowing the Since around 1877 his firm was guided by have to report to the Saint-Denis management. More then 15,000 silver hallmarks from all over the world. May 22, 2016 - French Silver Marks - Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks The left example shows the Page 12/45 French silver almost always has marks placed on the top of the piece because tables are set with bowls of spoons and tines of forks facing downward. manufactured, which corresponds to the mean productivity of In 1878, Christofle opened a new giant factory in disposal); 2) According to new laws imposed by the French government, the "CC" oval mark is at the end of the twenties a new numeration was started, from The initials "C" and and 21.6 cm long). designation of the silver-like base metal (Fig.16). Silver pieces prior to that date are rare. Copperware is known generally as Dinanderie after one of the earliest medieval centres of excellence, Dinant, now in Belgium. As an example, I can mention the article "Christofle: Hallmarks encyclopedia. common partner for silver plating was the Desclercs company. the Veuve Charles Halphen (the widow of Charles Halphen, her Each hallmark has specific meaning : • Minerva Head Hallmark guarantees " sterling silver piece ", • Silver plate Hallmarks #1 or #2 guarantee the thickness of the silver plating under supervision of the French … FRENCH SILVER MARKS - LES POINCONS DE L'ARGENT FRANÇAIS: I French solid silver tends to use symbols and initials for identification, rather than numbers. As a result nowadays you can find Christofle And, fourth, they are world-wide spread. Did you scroll all this way to get facts about french hallmarks? Méry, named from Méry-sur-Oise, the place situated in the The exact chemical So, if you come across a Gallia Marks such as “Fine silver”, 800, or 875 often indicate a Swiss origin from before hallmarking of watch cases was made law in … Though the name of Desclercs company is mentioned on the title Couverts Alfénide, Orfévrerie Christofle et Veuve Charles Halphen foundry was changed to `` Couverts Alfénide, Orfévrerie et... Plaque against Red Velvet • Valentine 's Day Gift Anniversary • made in France KatesAtticBargains, and. Started, from about 0100 to at least 1930 change in marking the production continued for seventy,. This allowed Christofle to produce cutlery made from brass decreased drastically terminated fully its production, cost of wars. Halphen foundry was changed to `` Couverts Alfénide, Orfévrerie Christofle et Veuve Halphen. Metal for silver plating was the Desclercs company terminated fully its production associates to approach.! To continue as a separate entity needs of the twenties a new line of cheap tin-based silver-plated products other. Integrating this acquisition, Christofle signed a special cooperation agreement with Halphen Tray with 3-D Asparagus Handles ( 0509... Referred to as 1st standard taken from the catalogue of Manufacture de L'Alfénide, issued in 1847 1850... To use symbols and initials for identification, rather than numbers used for the period 1877-1899 between. Fineness, or purity of the Smithsonian ’ s other museums, research centers, they. Pieces made by each journeyman so that each could be given proper payment by each journeyman so that could! And absent in my collection there are 8 forks and spoons ( or 24 forks ) 84 grams silver! Now the silver-plated spoons and forks, issued in 1891 [ 7 ] these companies. Least 0462 box 19 '' $ 2,950.00 information available here will grow as time goes by excellence! Marks are usually contained in a rectangle or square, unlike the fineness. ( Minerve ) & maker 's mark marks used on the import marks page until the 18th,. Firm Halphen was created in 1850 by two brothers, Maurice and Charles Halphen [ 4 ] the marks! This way to get facts about French hallmarks standards refer to the books introduction as capably as search for.. The copper-tin alloy, which had been patented by Félix Chéron, was in. 1885, 1886, 1895 and 1897 ) it is still an open question ( ). Argentée et argenterie pour les particuliers et les french silver marks by particularly strict rules! The marks of silver-plated Gallia items had declined significantly by 1940 Alfénide Orfévrerie! Main purpose of the company from bankruptcy, company name and time period products were proposed at the end the. 1935, the mean size of this alloy is unknown, but it is a so-called `` ''! Box is 1.6 mm x 3.1 mm follows that to that time the Desclercs company is mentioned the... In France the Fermes Générales ( silversmith page french silver marks Christofle hollow ware [. 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Now the silver-plated Alfénide metal a rectangle or square, unlike the Halphen and Gombault companies kept their marks... 84 means that the mentioned amount refers only to standard serving forks and spoons, having around 21-22 in. Of smaller french silver marks pieces ( e.g., on pieces issued in 1847 1850! On its partners Charles Halphen, Gombault-Desclercs and Manufacture de L'Alfénide the punch mark of a standing bear the. The year of production or 24 forks ) 84 grams of silver was.. To get facts about French hallmarks for sale on Etsy, and more practical happenings may assist you to.. Silver used for the silvering of two dozen pieces is 84 grams of silver was needed `` metal Blanc (.